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USA to India · PE

Permanent establishment risk for US companies in India

CA Utsav Dogra, Chartered Accountant, ICAI M. No. 542375 · Updated

In brief

A US company that has a fixed place, a dependent agent or a long project in India can become taxable in India on the profits attributable to it. Under the India–US tax treaty: Services performed in India through employees for more than 90 days in a 12-month period create a permanent establishment.

What is specific to US companies

Services furnished through employees in India for more than 90 days in a 12-month period create a service permanent establishment under the India–US treaty. US managers who spend long periods at the Indian office, or who negotiate customer contracts from India, are the usual concern.

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Questions

Does having a subsidiary create a PE for the parent?

Not by itself. Risk arises from what parent staff or the subsidiary's people do on the parent's behalf.

General information as at 5 November 2026, not advice for a particular case. Indian and US rules change often; confirm the current position before acting. US law points should be confirmed with a US adviser.

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